A Snapshot of the Evolution of Educational Technology ...

You read from history books about prehistoric men in the Philippines. Their remains as seen on caves through writings on the walls were thought to be their methods of recording things and some thought that it was their means of communicating others. However, with the advent of technology, people changed the way they communicate. The following shows a snapshot of important events of the evolution of educational technology.

?Some Significant Events in the Evolution of Educational Technology

Year	Important Events
1600s to 1700s	The quil pens and slates were used to teach students to write and cipher. These were used in early one-classroom school houses in the 1700s and 1800s.The New England Primer remained the basic school text for 100 years after its publication.
1800s	Wall charts were use to save the cost of individual books. The passages or part of the books being studied were sometimes printed in large letters and hung for all to see in Lancastrian schools.Models were used in kindergarten schools. This was the time were kindergarten schools were introduced in Wisconsin. The models and materials were given to students to manipulate and to learn from.
Early 1900s	Edward Thorndike brought the use of empirical investigation in instructional techniques and learning theory to the attention of educators. These methods became of interest to the United States during World War II and are considered to be the basis of the modern systems approach to instruction
1901	Maria Montessori?s kinesthetic approach offered a variety of manipulatives from which students could learn
1911	After Edison?s invention of the motion picture projector, he made films for use in the classroom
1912	The modern individualized instruction approach was developed by Frederic Burk. ?
1920	Burk?s staff developed Dalton and Winnetka Plans for individualized instruction, which increased the focus on learners being able to work at their own pace, and that basic skills must be mastered before learners can go on to new skills.
1920s-1930s	Great growth in accessibility and quality of film, radio broadcasting, and sound recording helped transition the movement from visual to audio-visual.
1930s to 1940s	U.S. Government produced 457 instructional training films and purchased 55,000 film projectors. Audio-visual devices were widely and effectively used for military and industrial training. This propelled the wider use of audio equipment for foreign language instruction and simulators used in flight training. America?s victory at war was attributed to ?their quick and complete mastery of film education? (Reiser, 1987).
1950	Instructional television usage grew and computers began to be used in education and training, though instructional television use faded by the mid-1960?s. The audiovisual instruction movement shifted focus from devices to the entire process (sender, receiver and medium)Bloom endorsed instructional techniques that varied both instruction and time according to learner requirements.
1957	Programmed instruction movement began. Programmed instructions based on Skinners? behaviorism were used at the Mystic School in Massachusetts.
Early 1960s	Refinement in task analysis procedures and the emergence of criterion reference testing contributed to the development of the systems approach. Gagne developed the concept of superordinate and subordinate tasks.
1960s-1970s	Instructional technology emphasized the application of scientific principles as well as the equipment for presenting instructional materials (Lumsdaine, 1964 p.372 cited in Reiser, 1987). Several systems of individualized instruction developed: Personalized System of Instruction, Audio Tutorial Approach, Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI), Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs (PLAN), Individually Guided Education (IGE) (Reisner, 1987) and Learning for Mastery (Davis & Sorrell, 1995).
1977	Increased interest in individualization through computer-assisted instruction (CAI).? Apple II computers were introduced into schools but by the end of the decade these devices were still a very small part of the educational picture.
1983	?Use of microcomputers in schools grew tremendously.
1990s	Advances in computer technology, especially multimedia, enabled constructivist educators to design more learner-centered educational experiences. Video discs, CR-ROMS, multimedia, digital presentations, interactive video, teleconferencing, compressed video, and internet combine to greatly increased the technologies available to enhance teaching and learning.
2000 and beyond	Virtual reality, digital assistants and online life are becoming popular. Intelligent agents help people to interact with his equipment and cyberspace. The internet continually expands to include ?live? audio and video, leading to instruction anytime, anywhere.

Source: http://love4mathed.com/2013/01/a-snapshot-of-the-evolution-of-educational-technology/

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